TLDR

• ESMA warns crypto could threaten traditional financial markets’ stability as the industry grows
• Crypto currently accounts for only 1% of global financial assets but interconnections with traditional markets are rapidly growing
• ESMA’s Executive Director Cazenave noted that “turmoil in small markets can catalyze broader stability issues”
• About 10-20% of European investors have crypto exposure, while 95% of European banks remain uninvolved
• Recent market volatility following Trump’s tariff announcements has affected both traditional and crypto markets

The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has issued a warning that cryptocurrency markets could pose risks to broader financial stability as the sector continues to grow and become more intertwined with traditional finance.

ESMA’s Executive Director Natasha Cazenave highlighted these concerns in an April 8 statement to the European Parliament’s Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee.

“We cannot rule out that future sharp drops in crypto prices could have knock-on effects on our financial system,”

Cazenave stated. She noted that while crypto currently accounts for only about 1% of global financial assets, the potential for market disruption is increasing as connections between crypto and traditional markets strengthen.

The warning comes as both crypto and stock markets have experienced double-digit falls in recent weeks. These declines followed the Trump administration’s announcement of new tariff plans, demonstrating the growing correlation between different asset classes.

European Crypto Adoption Lags Behind US

Cazenave pointed out that Europe is lagging behind the United States in crypto adoption. Over 95% of European banks remain uninvolved in crypto-related activities, showing caution toward the emerging asset class.

However, retail participation is growing. Between 10% and 20% of European investors now have some exposure to cryptocurrencies, which aligns with global trends. By comparison, US crypto adoption is estimated to be between 15% and 28% of the population.

The US has also taken a more crypto-friendly approach recently. Reports indicate that the US Justice Department is disbanding its National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team, while US regulators have made it easier for banks to engage in crypto-related activities.

Potential Risks and Regulatory Response

ESMA highlighted several specific concerns about the crypto sector. These include risks related to spot crypto exchange-traded funds, stablecoin usage, and security vulnerabilities evidenced by recent incidents like the $1.4 billion Bybit exploit and the collapse of FTX in November 2022.

Stablecoins were identified as a particular area of concern. “A run on a stablecoin could impact the price of the financial assets used to back it, with potentially wider market consequences,” ESMA warned.

The European Union has already implemented measures to safeguard against crypto risks. Most notably, the Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) regulation was rolled out last year, which Cazenave described as a “breakthrough” for crypto regulation.

Despite these regulations, Cazenave maintained that “there is no such thing as a safe crypto-asset” and suggested that additional rules may be needed to mitigate future risks as the market evolves.

“Crypto-assets markets evolve quickly, in an often unpredictable manner, and we need to keep a close eye on these developments,” she emphasized. “Turmoil, even in small markets, can originate or catalyze broader stability issues in our financial system.”

The timing of ESMA’s warning is particularly relevant given the current market volatility. “EU financial markets are, as we speak, under severe strain coming from the broader political and geopolitical developments,” Cazenave noted in her speech.

While crypto markets have recovered some of their recent losses, regulators remain concerned about the potential for future disruptions. As the industry continues to mature and forge stronger ties with traditional finance, the need for vigilant monitoring and appropriate regulation becomes increasingly important.

Current estimates suggest that funds focused on crypto make up less than 1% of the EU fund universe. This relatively small market share helps explain why ESMA believes that risks to financial stability from crypto are not yet major concerns.

However, the rapid pace of change in the crypto industry means that this assessment could shift quickly. Cazenave’s comments underscore the need for regulators to stay ahead of market developments rather than reacting to crises after they occur.

The contrast between the EU’s cautious approach and the US’s more accommodating stance toward crypto highlights the global regulatory divergence in this space. This difference could potentially influence where crypto businesses choose to operate and how the industry develops in different regions.